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D4-10
UHF Wide-Band Transceiver

Operator's
~Manual

Kantronics

RF Data Communications Specialists

D4-10
UHF Wide-Band Transceiver

Operator's
Manual

Kantronics
RF Data Communications Specialists

1202 E. 23rd Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66046
Order number (913) 842-7745
Service / Technical Support (913) 842-4476
9 am - noon, 2 pm - 5 pm Central Time, Monday-Friday
FAX number (913) 842-2021
BBS number (913) 842-4678 300/1200/2400,N,8,1
5 pm - 8 am Central Time, Monday-Friday; All Day Weekends

We have attempted to make this manual technically and typographically correct as
of the date of the current printing. We solicit your comments and/or suggested
corrections. Please send to Kantronics Co. Inc., 1202 E. 23rd Street, Lawrence, KS
66046.

Printed in the U.S.A.

Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form without the written
permission of the copyright owner.

D4-10, DVR 2-2, KAM, KPC-4, KPC-2, KPC-2400 and KPC-1 are trademarks of
Kantronics Co., Inc.

NET/ROM is a registered trademark of SOFTWARE 2000

D4-10 Operator's Manual
Table of Contents

Page
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Connecting Your Kantronics TNC to the D4-10 000.0... ec ecsseesecesssseeccsesssssccesssessseseees "
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Specifications
Parts List
Parts Layout
Appendix
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

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Introduction

Congratulations and thank you for purchasing the D4-10.

The D4-10 was designed primarily to provide a 10-watt transceiver for high-speed
packet operation on the UHF (440 MHz) amateur band. Unique features of the D4-10
are narrow or wide bandwidth reception, narrow or wide transmit deviation settings,
fast TR switching, analog and TTL modem interfacing, direct transmit varicap access,
direct discriminator access on receive, and receiver-derived carrier detect.

The front panel enables the operator to select one of two crystal controlled channels,
narrow or wide bandwidth operation and enable access to the receive local oscillator —
for satellite applications. The back panel consists of an analog port (pin for pin
compatible with the DVR 2-2), a TTL port, antenna terminal, speaker jack and power
connector.

When operated with a Kantronics Data Engine with internal DE19K2/9K6 modem,
two plug-and-play modes of operation are possible, 9600 or 19,200 baud packet. When
the D4-10 is cabled to the DataEngine-DE19K2/9K6 combination via its TTL port, the
system is configured for 19,200 baud operation. When cabled via its analog port 1200,
2400, or 9600 baud are possible using the DE1200, DE2400 or DE19K2/9K6 modems.
Both ports of the D4-10 are pin compatible with the DVR 2-2 data port; hence, one
cable works for all.

While it is not anticipated that many will use the D4-10 for voice operation, a MIC
circuit is included (pin 7 of the analog port only). The mic amplifier does include
limiting such that standard narrow-band voice deviation limits are maintained.

In addition, an audio amplifier has been included which you may choose to use to
monitor packet reception. An external speaker may be attached at the SPKR jack on
the back panel. An internal speaker is not provided. Squelch and volume controls are
accessible by removing the "black insert buttons" that are present on the front panel.
These are adjustable as desired with a small screwdriver. The squelch potentiometer
is to the left and the volume to the right. Detector output for packet reception is
unaffected by the volume and squelch settings; they are there only to control speaker
action and volume and to set a threshold for FM carrier detection.

In most cases data carrier detect will be derived within the modem you chose to use
in conjunction with the transceiver. For example, the DE19K2/9K6 modem derives

its own data carrier detect from the received data stream. Additionally all Kantronics
TNCs, for packet operation, can be set to derived data carrier detect via firmware.

No external DCD kit is required or recommended. For those situations where you find
the transceiver-derived carrier detect to be useful, you'll want to leave access open

to the squelch potentiometer.

Unless otherwise specified, a D4-10 is shipped from the factory with channel one

set for 430.55 MHz. Kantronics shall maintain a few additional crystals for those
channels that become popular. The ARRL bandplan calls for nine 100 KHz channels
from 430.05 through 430.95 MHz. Part 97 of the FCC rules indicates 100 KHz
channels are allowable anywhere in the 440 MHz band. (FCC 97.69 (c) (2) (ii): 100 KHz
on frequencies between 220 and 902 MHz.) Common sense suggests that one should
check with the local frequency coordinator before installing a wide bandwidth
transceiver in operation, particularly in a crowded area.

nee sss 1
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

FCC Statement

This unit has been tested and found to comply with Part 15 of the Federal
Communications Commission Rules in effect as of the date of manufacture. If
you utilize cables other than those provided with the unit, make sure they are

adequately shielded.

Precautions

Please read this operating manual carefully before placing the transceiver in service.

Before connecting the radio to your power supply, be sure you have your supply
properly grounded. Connecting the unit to a DC voltage source in excess of 13.8 volts
may result in damage to the unit.

2 Se eye NS a a SE RS SE I TEA a ETAT IL TE LETTE IEE,
D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

i Duplication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Front Panel Controls and Indicators

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Kantronics D4-10 SAT

1. Power ON/OFF switch. This is a push-push switch which applies power to your
transceiver. When IN power is applied.

2. Power (green) LED. This LED will illuminate when the D4-10 is powered on.
3. Xmit (red) LED. This LED will illuminate when the unit is transmitting.

4. Squelch control. While not normally used in data modes, you can gain access to
this potentiometer by removing the "black panel button". Adjustment affects only
speaker or FM carrier detect operation; it does not affect data reception.

5. Volume control. While not normally used in data modes, you can gain access to
this potentiometer by removing the "button". Adjustment affects external speaker
volume only.

6. Channel selection switch. This push-push switch selects which crystal pair is used
for transmission and reception. Transmit and receive operational frequencies need
not be the same. Channel one is selected when the switch is OUT.

7. Bandwidth selection. This push-push switch selects narrow or wide bandwidth
reception. In the narrow position, with the switch in, a standard 455 KHz ceramic
filter is selected for the last IF. When out, a six-pole, 60 KHz, discrete linear-phase
filter is selected. This filter is used to receive wide bandwidth packet signals such as
the 19,200 baud direct frequency shift keying (DFSK) signal coming from another
D4-10.

8. Satellite selection. This push-push switch enables a DC control voltage to gain
access to the receive local oscillator varicap. This may be useful for future
applications and for those modems that wish to adapt to satellite doppler-shift
conditions.

SSS a a eS SS 3
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

Rear Panel Connectors

Analog Port

Kantronics D4-10

1. Analog Port — DB-9 connector. This connector is for direct connection of all required
signals to/from your TNC. The signals of this port are DVR 2-2 compatible.

2. +12VDC — Power connector. This is a two-pin molex connector. Note that the positive
lead is at the bottom. See specs for current draw.

3. SPKR. This 3.5 mm jack is for attaching an external 8-ohm speaker. The circuit
drives 1/2-watt audio.

4. TTL Port — DB-9 connector. This connector is for direct connection of all required
signals to/from your TNC, but expects TXD, RXD and PTT signals to have TTL
levels. This port is designed for direct connection, for example, to a Data Engine
with the DE19K2/9K6 modem set for 19,200 baud.

5. ANT — antenna. This antenna jack is a BNC. A 50-ohm antenna system is required.

Analog Port DB-9 Connector Detail

Pin 1. Data Input, "TXA". This connection accepts the @QOQOOO
input from your TNC to be transmitted over the radio. OO@
This could be an AFSK signal for slow-speed packet or

a DFSK signal for 9600 baud packet. The RXA signal

is buffered and then directly drives the varicap for Female (Looking at Holes)
modulation.

Pin 2. Carrier Detect, "CD". This pin provides an active low (ground) when a signal is
present on frequency.

Pin 3. Push-to-Talk, "PTTA". Applying a ground to this pin causes the radio to transmit.
Pin 4. Unused at this time.

Pin 5. Unsquelched Audio Output, "RXA”. This pin is the direct detector (discriminator)
output, providing audio to your TNC. This audio has not been processed (it is
unsquelched and unshaped).

Pin 6. Ground.

Pin 7. MIC input, "MIC IN". This pin accepts the audio from your MIC or TNC to be
transmitted. Normally, slow-speed packet of the AFSK variety would be applied to this
pin.

Pin 8. Speaker Audio Out. The audio available from this pin has been processed and is

affected by the squelch and volume controls (on the pc ie This pin parallels the
speaker out jack.

Pin 9. Ground.
4

D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
" Duplication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Power Connector

1.— Minus voltage. This is connected to the common ground.
2. + Plus voltage. Apply 13.8 VDC to this pin for 10 watts power.

TTL Port DB-9 Connector Detail

The pins of this port directly parallel those of the analog port, except that no
MIC connection is made available. All signals interfacing this port must be TTL
compatible. This port is intended for 19,200 baud packet operation with the Data
Engine and DE19K2/9K6 modem. Alternatively, one could operate this port with
a TTL-compatible asynchronous modem or terminal and operate in an ASCII or
RTTY mode.

SS a SE I IE SSS, po HS ee 5
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

Installation

1. Place your D4-10 in the desired operating location.

2. Connect the D4-10 power cable to a regulated 12V dc supply. (Red lead is positive).
WARNING: Connecting the power backward will result in a blown fuse inside the
D4-10. Do not attempt to open the D4-10 until you have read the disassembly
instructions.

3. Connect an antenna to the BNC connector located on the rear panel of the
radio. The antenna should present a 50 ohm load to the transceiver. As with all
antenna installations, you should follow standard safety precautions including the
installation of a high quality lightning arrestor in your antenna line to protect
against fire, personal injury or possible damage to the radio.

4, An 8 ohm external speaker may be connected to the 3.5mm jack on the rear panel
labeled “SPKR”.

5. When using 9600 baud packet or lower speeds; connect your TNC to the D4-10
analog port. See the appropriate instructions for your TNC later in this manual.

6. When using the DE19K2/9K6 modem at 19,200 baud, connect the Data Engine to
the TTL port of the radio as indicated in the section on Connecting Your Kantronics
TNC to the D4-10.

7. Experimenters should connect to the TTL port of the D4-10 if the modulating signal
from their modem supplies TTL levels for transmitted data and expects TTL level
signals in return from the D4-10 radio. Other modems should be connected to the
analog port of the D4-10. |

6 SES EASELS LISLE LEE ETE LD DGD SS LIS SESE ATE SEL I IIE TPE TE TSE LOST IOS A ESE EE EEC SS ESSE
D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Duplication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Connecting Your Kantronics TNC to the D4-10

Data Engine

In order to connect your Data Engine to the D4-10 radio, you must make a cable with
the following pins connected:

(4,2 bowl

Data Engine D4-10
Signal Name DB-15 DB-9
Transmit Data 3 pt
Receive Data 2 5
Push-to-talk 1 3
Carrier Detect 8 2
Ground 9 “6

This cable will work with any of the Data Engine modems. If you plan to use the
DE19K2/9K6 modem, the cable length should be kept as short as possible and should
not exceed two feet in length. You should use shielded cable for this connection.

DE1200, DE2400, DE9600 or DE19K2/9K6 set for 9600 baud

Connect the 15 pin end of this cable to the port of the Data Engine with your modem
installed, and the 9 pin erd of the cable to the ANALOG port of the D4-10 radio.

When using the DE1200 or DE2400 modem, you may select to use EXTERNAL carrier
detect, allowing the D4-10 to supply the CD signal. To accomplish this, set the
MODEM command in your Data Engine to the appropriate value. (Refer to your

Data Engine modem manual for details.) Since you are using unsquelched audio, you
must set your modem for no equalization and set the AFSK output level for 50 mv p-p
(AFSK jumper in high position).

DE19K2/9K6 modem set for 19,200 baud operation
Connect the 15 pin end of this cable to the port of the Data Engine with your modem
installed, and the 9 pin end of the cable to the TTL port of the D4-10 radio.

DB-9 Connector

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Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)

DB-15 Connector

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Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)

7
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

OTHER Kantronics TNCs

The D4-10 was designed to be pin compatible with the VHF port connector on the
KAM, and is also pin compatible with the radio ports on the KPC-4, KPC-2, and
KPC-2400. Wire the supplied DB-9 connector from the analog port of the D4-10 to
your Kantronics TNC using the supplied 5 conductor cable as described below.

KAM/KPC-4
The recommended hookup for the KAM VHF port and the KPC-4 is as follows:

Connect pins 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 from the selected port (VHF port for the KAM) to the
D4-10 DB-9 connector (analog port) on the same pins. This will supply all the required
signals for proper operation.

Next you will need to set your TNC for no equalization. This is accomplished by placing
the K1 jumper in the KAM so that it connects the center pin of the header with the pin
marked 1 on the board. On the KPC-4, you would use jumper K1 for PORT 1 and K2
for PORT 2. These are set for no equalization by connecting the center pin with the pin
marked 1 on the board.

You may wish to set the CD command to EXTERNAL, allowing the D4-10 to supply the
carrier detect indication from the RF carrier detect. Alternately, you can set the CD
command to SOFTWARE and allow the KAM/KPC-4 to detect a carrier by detecting
actual data on frequency. NOTE: If you set the CD command to INTERNAL with this
wiring, the KAM/KPC-4 will never transmit since the audio input from the radio is
unsquelched.

Radio Pin D4-10 KAM/KPC-4 TNC Pin
Name Pin Pin Name —
Data Input 1 1 AFSK Out
Carrier Detect 2 2 XCD
Push-to-Talk 3 3 PTT
Unsquelched Audio Out 5 5 Audio Signal
Ground 6 6 Ground

Set TNC jumpers for no equalization
Set AFSK output jumper to HI (50 mv p-p)
Set TNC command: CD EXTERNAL or CD SOFTWARE

NOTE:
Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector

O@OO® OOO@OO
©OOO® ©@O®
Male (Looking at Pins) | Female (Looking at Holes)

D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
ry Duplication of this manual without permission

June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

KPC-2/KPC-2400

On the KPC-2/KPC-2400 you should connect pins 1, 2, 3, and 6 from the TNC to the
D4-10 DB-9 connector (analog port) on the same pins. The KPC-2 and KPC-2400 will
not operate properly with the unsquelched and unshaped audio provided by pin 5 of
the D4-10, so you should connect pin 8 of the D4-10 to pin 5 of the KPC-2/KPC-2400.
This will provide speaker audio to the input of your TNC, and this audio is affected by
the front panel squelch and volume controls.

Now set the equalization to none by using the command EQUALIZE OFF. Connect
an external speaker to the external speaker jack on the rear panel of the D4-10, and
adjust the squelch control just beyond the point where the open squelch can be heard
through an external speaker. If you don’t use an external speaker, you can adjust the
squelch control to the point where the RCV led on your TNC goes out.

We recommend setting the CD command to EXTERNAL in these units to allow

the radio to provide carrier detection to the KPC-2/KPC-2400. If you prefer, you can
set the CD command to SOFTWARE, allowing the KPC-2/KPC-2400 to detect the
presence of data on the channel to signal carrier detect.

If you are using the KPC-2400 at 2400 baud, you can connect the unsquelched and
unshaped audio (pin 5 of the D4-10) to the audio,input (pin 5) of the KPC-2400, instead
of connecting to the speaker audio from pin 8 of the D4-10.

Radio Pin D4-10 KPC-2/2400 TNC Pin
Name Pin Pin Name

Data Input 1 1 AFSK Out
Carrier Detect 2 2 XCD
Push-to-Talk 3 3 Bry

Ground 6 6 Ground
Speaker Audio Out 8 5 Audio Signal

Set TNC command: EQUALIZE OFF
Set AFSK output jumper to HI (50 mv p-p)

NOTE:
Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector

O@OO® OOO@O®
©OO® OOOO

Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)

a 9
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

KPC-1
Connecting your KPC-1 to the D4-10 analog port requires the following connections:

Pin 1 from the KPC-1 din connector should be connected to pin 1 of the DB-9 (analog
port) on your radio. Pin 2 of the KPC-1 connects to pin 6, and pin 3 of the KPC-1 will
connect to pin 3 on the radio. Connect the external speaker jack from the D4-10 to the
audio input jack on the rear panel of the KPC-1.

_Now set the equalization to none by using the command EQUALIZE OFF. Connect
an external speaker to the external speaker jack on the rear panel of the D4-10, and
adjust the squelch control just beyond the point where the open squelch can be heard
through an external speaker. If you don’t use an external speaker, you can adjust the
squelch control to the point where the RCV led on your TNC goes out.

Radio Pin D4-10 KPC-1 TNC Pin

Name Pin Pin Name

Data Input 1 1 AFSK Out
Push-to-Talk 3 3 PTT

Ground 6 2 Ground

External Speaker Jack - - Audio Input Jack

Set TNC command: EQUALIZE OFF
Set AFSK output jumper to HI (50 mv p-p)

NOTE:
Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector

©OO@O
Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)
5-Pin Din
ORO) ©® O
® © ‘) © © ©

Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)

D4-10
June 13, 1991

© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Connecting Other TNCs to the D4-10

AEA PK-232

Pin 1 of the D4-10 analog port will connect to pin 2 of the 232's 5 pin radio connector
(white wire on the AFA supplied cable).

Pin 2 from the D4-10 may be used to supply the carrier detect by connecting this
to pin 3 (black) on the TNC (optional).

Pin 3 of the D4-10 will connect to pin 5 on the 232 (red wire).
Pin 6 of the D4-10 connects to pin 4 on the 232 (brown wire).

Pin 8 from the D4-10 may be connected to pin 1 (green) on the PK-232, providing
speaker audio (controlled by the front panel volume and squelch controls).

(Although the D4-10 is capable of supplying unsquelched and unshaped audio to
the TNC, we have not tested the PK-232 in this configuration. If you want to use
the unsquelched audio from pin 5 of the D4-10, we suggest you contact AEA for
instructions concerning the use of unshaped audio.)

Radio Pin D4-10 PK-232 TNC Pin
Name Pin Pin Name
Data Input 1 2 TX Audio
Carrier Detect 2 3 SQ
Push-to-Talk 3 5 Pre
Ground 6 4 Ground
Speaker Audio Out 8 1 RX Audio
NOTE:

Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector
OOOO® OOOO
©OOO®@ ®OOO®
Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)

PK-232
Connector

11
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

MF .J-1270 or equivalent

Pin 1 of the D4-10 analog port will connect to pin 1 of the 5 pin din connector on the
rear panel of the TNC.

Pin 2 of the D4-10 may be used to supply the carrier detect by connecting this to pin 5.
Pin 3 of the D4-10 connects to pin 3.
Pin 6 of the D4-10 connect to pin 2.

Pin 8 of the D4-10 connects to pin 4. This supplies speaker audio which is controlled by
the front panel volume control.

(Although the D4-10 is capable of supplying unsquelched and unshaped audio to the
TNC, we have not tested the MFJ TNCs in this configuration. If you want to use
unsquelched audio from pin 5 of the D4-10, we suggest you contact MF J for
instructions concerning the use of unshaped audio.)

Radio Pin D4-10 MFJ-1270 TNC Pin

Name Pin Pin Name

Data Input 1 1 Microphone audio
Carrier Detect 2 5 Squelch input (optional)
Push-to-Talk 3 3 PTT

Ground 6 2 Ground

Speaker Audio Out 8 4 Receive audio

NOTE:
Pins 4, 7, and 9 are reserved for future use and should not be connected to your TNC.

DB-9 Connector
OOOO® ©OOO@OO
©OOO® ©O@OO®
Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)
so? 5-Pin Din

® Oo
®
o®

Male (Looking at Pins) Female (Looking at Holes)

Duplication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Operation

The transmitter will come up to full operating power within 5 milliseconds after the
push-to-talk line is pulled to ground, allowing your TXDELAY setting to be extremely
short. Typically a TXDELAY setting of 1 will allow full power to be present before

the data begins. However, since the receiving station requires some time to detect the
presence of your signal (squelch time), you will need to increase your TXDELAY to
account for this.

The D4-10 has been designed to detect a signal present on frequency within 10
milliseconds (squelch time). This means that if you are communicating with another
D4-10, you can set your TXDELAY at 2 and allow sufficient time for your transmitter
to come up to full power and for the receiving D4-10 to detect the presence of your
signal.

When operating with the unsquelched audio output (pin 5 of the D4-10), many TNCs
require the use of an external means to detect the presence of a signal. This is
provided by the D4-10 on pin 2 of the DB-9 connector (CD). Pin 2 will be pulled low
(ground) when a received signal is detected, and therefore can signal the TNC to
demodulate the signal. On the Kantronics KAM, KPC-4, KPC-2, and KPC-2400, this
is accomplished by connecting pin 2 of the D4-10 to pin 2 of the TNC and setting the
CD command to EXTERNAL. On the Data Engine with DE1200 or DE2400 modems,
this is accomplished by wiring pin 2 of the D4-10 to pin 2 of the Data Engine Radio
port. You must also set the Data Engine MODEM command to recognize this external
signal. Refer to your Data Engine Modem manual.

Alternatively, you can utilize the firmware carrier detect feature of all Kantronics
TNCs (sometimes called software CD). In this case, wiring of the CD line from the
D4-10 will be unnecessary, and access to the squelch pot will not be necessary.

When operating at high speed: 9600 or 19,200

Here, again, TXD (transmitter delay) is important. We've found that a TXD of

3 or so will allow good linking between two stations utilizing the Data Engine and
DE19K2/9K6 modem at either data rate. Also, again, carrier detect is not an issue
here; the modem develops and presents its own CD to the Data Engine.

13
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

TXDELAY Settings

The D4-10 is capable of operating with a TXDELAY setting of 1 if you are talking to
another user who has a D4-10. Field testing with an RFConcepts 4-110 amplifier (RF
keyed) has shown a TXDELAY setting of 15 to be sufficient. In many cases, you may
be talking with someone who is using a radio that does not provide the high speed
switching necessary to use these fast settings, and therefore you will need to increase
your TXDELAY to operate effectively. This will also be true if you are using a
digipeater which has a slower radio connected to it. To test the amount of TXDELAY
required for a specific digipeater, set your UNPROTO command to include the desired
digipeater as the first digipeater in your path. Then enter the converse mode and press
a return. This will cause a packet to be sent through the digipeater, but the digipeater
will not repeat it unless it has heard the packet completely. Start increasing your
TXDELAY slowly and try transmitting another packet. Continue this process until
your packets are reliably repeated by the digipeater. If you have the MONITOR
command ON, you will be able to monitor your digipeated packets on your terminal.

If you use several different digipeaters, repeat this process with all of them, and then
set your TXDELAY for the worst case you find in your tests (highest value of
TXDELAY).

NOTE: Many nodes (Net/Rom®, TheNet, etc.) will not allow the digipeating of packets.
In these cases, you will need to attempt to connect to the node, increasing your
TXDELAY until you reliably establish a connection.

D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
plication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

In Case of Difficulty

Power light fails to light
1. Check to be sure the D4-10 is connected to a source of 12 volts DC.

2. Check the polarity of your 12 volt supply — red lead is positive. If the power was
connected with reverse polarity, the fuse inside the D4-10 will have to be replaced.
(See assembly/disassembly instructions.) The fuse is a 10-amp 3AG type fuse.

No audio output from external speaker jack

1. Check to be sure external speaker is plugged in to the rear panel speaker jack. Be
sure it is firmly seated in the connector.

2. Check the volume control to ensure it is not turned all the way counter-clockwise.

3. Be sure power is turned on to the radio.

No audio output from TNC jack (pin 1)
1. If speaker audio is not present, this may indicate detector output is not working.

Unit will not transmit

1. Be sure the push-to-talk line (pin 3 of either DB-9 port) is properly connected to
your TNC.

2. Apply a ground to pin 3 of the DB-9 connector, and check the front panel transmit
LED. (Remember to have an antenna or dummy load attached during this text.)
If it lights, this indicates a problem with the microphone or TNC connection.

Unit transmits, but no audio is present

1. Check the connection to your TNC or microphone. The proper input level from a
TNC to pin 1 of the DB-9 modem connector is 50 mv peak-to-peak for the D4-10
analog port.

15
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

Disassembly Instructions

1. Disconnect all cables from the D4-10.
2. Remove the screws from the bottom of the case that secure the heat sink to the case.

3. Loosen the two screws that mount the rear panel to the bezel far enough to allow
the rear panel and bezel assembly to be pulled away from the case.

4. Carefully slide the entire rear panel and circuit board assembly out of the case.

5. If you need to remove the rear panel, unscrew the four mounting nuts which secure
the rear panel to the DB-9 connectors.

Assembly Instructions

1. Install the back panel onto the circuit board, if detached, securing it with the four
mounting nuts into the DB-9 connectors.

2. Carefully insert the circuit board assembly into the rear of the case. Ensure that the
LEDs and switches properly line up with the cutouts in the front panel. If desired,
you may find it easier to remove the front panel until the board is secured in place.

3. Secure the rear panel to the case with the two screws provided.
4. Reinstall and tighten the screws through the bottom of the case into the heat sink.

i Re
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

D4-10 Duplication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Ordering Crystals

You may wish to order additional crystals for your D4-10 radio. Kantronics will stock a
few "standard" channels, based on popularity and demand — mainly centered around
430.55 MHz. If you wish to use other frequencies, then the following information
should be sufficient when ordering receive (RX) and transmit (TX) crystals from a
crystal house.

CAUTION: Please read the tuning up section to follow. You may wish the
factory or someone with solid test equipment to do channel changing for you.

To calculate the transmit frequency of the fundamental crystal, divide the operating
frequency by 64.

TX crystal frequency = operating frequency/64.

To calculate the receive frequency of the fundamental crystal, subtract 45 MHz from
the operating frequency and then divide by 64.

RX crystal frequency = (operating frequency — 45 MHz)/64.

Crystal Specifications

The crystals should be ordered with the following specifications:

. Fundamental mode

. Frequency make, +10 ppm (parts per million)

Series resonant

. Resistance at 75 ohms, max

Co = 7 pf max, 5 pf typical (pf = picofarads)

. Drive level 10 mw max

. Temperature stability: +380 ppm -—30C to +60C

. Case: HC-50/u or HC-42/u

9. Markings (optional): transmit, T freq +"T"; receive, R freq +"R"

The ARRL 100 KHz, 440 MHz bandplan calls for these wide channels centered at
430.05, 430.15, 430.25, 430.35, 430.45, 480.55, 430.65, 430.85 and 430.95 MHz. If the
use of these frequencies is in question in your area, consult with your local frequency
coordinator or council.

DNATA PP wOD

© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

Installing Crystals and Tuning Up

As per the caution above, tuning the radio after installing new crystals requires good
equipment and some experience. For those cases where the frequency change is small,
we've tried to help by pre-tuning both channels at the factory to our test standard,
430.55 MHz. So, if you are planning to add crystals for channel two that are within a
few hundred KHz of 430.55, only the tuning of the crystal oscillators themselves
should be necessary. If so, be careful to not "detune” channel one.

The pc board sockets for crystals for channels one and two are located at the right front
of the board. The channel one and two transmit sockets are labeled TX1 and TX2. The
receive sockets are labeled RX1 and RX2. You can also locate these on the parts
placement diagram at the end of this manual.

Tuning the D4-10 for transmit and receive after crystal installation is best completed
with a service monitor (RF generator with SINAD meter, etc.) and a spectrum
analyzer. However, it is likely that most amateurs will not have this equipment and
that probably most amateur radio stores will not either. Hence, if desired, Kantronics
will install and tune crystals for a nominal fee. You must contact the Service
Department (913) 842-4476 to obtain a Return Authorization Number for this service.
They can also advise the current charges for this service. Failure to obtain a return
authorization number may result in the unit being returned unopened.

If you wish to attempt to tune the unit without this highly reeommended equipment,
then here is a procedure that works for experienced technicians:

1. Using a counter (optional but a good idea), attach its input to the emitter of Q12 or
Q16 (or safer to the top of resistor R104), and adjust the receive and transmit
crystals as close to "on frequency" as possible.

la. For receive, adjust coil RL1 or RL2 (channel one or two) until the counter reads
your "desired operating frequency — 45 MHz" divided by 64. That is, the counter
frequency should read:

RX = (operating frequency — 45 MHz)/64.

1b. For transmit, attach a dummy load to your antenna terminal, and then KEY
the transmitter at pin 3 or the analog port. Adjust coil TL1 or TL2 until the
counter reads the operating frequency divided by 64.

Additional or Alternative Tuning

Receive

2. Note the four small potentiometers (pots) at the front right side of the board.
They are labeled RXA1, and RXA2 for receive channels one and two and TXA1
and TXA2 for the transmit channels. These are used to bring the VCO near the
desired operating frequency. This, by the way, allows fast TR switching. Now,
suppose that you wish to tune for the second receive channel. Turn RXA2 full
clockwise, toward the back of the unit. Then attach a VOM to test point JP2,
using the pin toward the back. Slowly increase pot RXA2 until the voltage reads
2.5 VDC on the VOM. This is the "lock voltage”.

3. Using another FM rig attached to a dummy load or some blocks away, generate a
carrier with a one KHz modulating tone to tune to on your proposed operating
frequency.

—E_=_===={_{_QX"iqnrere=e=E_eeE_=_c eee

D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
_ plication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

4. Adjust the coil in series with the receive crystal (RL1 or RL2) until the 1 KHz tone
comes in clearly. Continue to turn the coil until the signal just begins to distort.
Then turn the coil in the opposite direction (providing a clear signal again) and
continue turning until the signal just begins to distort again. Now set the coil
approximately half-way between these two points. This should provide best clarity.

5. If you plan to operate the D4-10 outside the 428 to 432 MHz band, then you will
also need to "tweak up" the helicals at the front end of the receiver, labeled FL1 and
FL2. Slowly peak for best reception.

Transmit

6. To complete transmit tuning, you'll need a counter, a dummy load and a accurate
DC voltmeter. Attach the dummy load now.

7. Next, you will be tuning the phase lock loop (PLL) so that the transmit crystal will
work properly with the 64 X loop. That is, you'll adjust the "pre-steering"” voltage on
the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) so that the PLL locks. Before completing this
step you may want to read the next section and review the block diagram for the
transceiver.

8. Note the four small potentiometers (pots) at the front right side of the board.
They are labeled RXA1, and RXA2 for receive channels one and two and TXA1
and TXA2 for the transmit channels. These are used to bring the VCO near the
desired operating frequency. This, by the way, allows fast TR switching. Now,
suppose that you wish to tune for the second transmit channel. Turn TXA2 full
clockwise, toward the back of the unit. Then attach a VOM to test point JP2, using
the pin toward the back. Key the transmitter at pin 3 on the analog port, and slowly
increase pot TXA2 until the voltage reads 2.5 VDC on the VOM. This is the "lock
voltage”. The red transmit LED will light when the PLL is locked.

Please keep in mind that this takes some practice and you must turn the pot very
slowly. You can check your frequency of operation by transmitting some packets to
the other transceiver you are using for the receive test. Alternatively you can check
the transmit frequency with a good RF counter with antenna.

No other adjustments should be necessary if you've not changed anything other
than channel crystals.

© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission D4-10
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. . June 13, 1991

Return/Repair Procedures

Should you feel that your unit is malfunctioning, you should contact the Kantronics
Service Department (913-842-4476) between the hours of 9AM-12N or 2PM-5PM
Central Time to obtain a return authorization number (RA number). The unit may
then be returned to the factory at 1202 E. 23rd Street, Lawrence, KS 66046 for service.
Please include a letter indicating the problem you are experiencing and, if appropriate,
the method of payment for repairs. Kantronics will accept Master Card or Visa, or you
may elect to have your unit returned to you COD.

Limited Warranty

Kantronics Company, Inc. warrants to the first consumer purchaser, for a period of one
year from the date of purchase, that this product will be free from defects in material
and workmanship, and agrees that it will, at its option, repair or replace the defective
parts or the product at no charge for parts or labor.

This warranty does not apply to the cosmetic appearance of the product, or to any
product that has been subject to misuse, abuse, overvoltage, or other cause beyond our
reasonable control.

This warranty does not apply to any unit that has been modified by the consumer
unless specifically authorized by Kantronics Company, Inc, in writing.

In no event shall Kantronics be held liable for damages due to fire, flood, civil
disobedience, riot, acts of God or damages incurred in shipping due to poor packaging.
Kantronics shall not be held liable in the event the defect is found to be caused by
improper parameter settings which are cleared by performing a hard reset.

Kantronics shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages arising from
the use of the product or due to the non-availability for use of the product under any
circumstances.

Some States do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential
damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

In order to enforce the rights under this limited warranty, the purchaser should mail,
ship or carry the product, together with proof of purchase, to Kantronics Company, Inc,
1202 East 23rd Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66046. The consumer must also provide
adequate proof of purchase indicating the date the product was purchased.

There are no other warranties, including the implied warranty of fitness for a
particular purpose, not specified herein with regards to this product. Neither the sales
personnel of the seller nor any other person is authorized to make any warranties
other than those described herein, or to extend the duration of any warranties beyond
the time period described above.

This warranty is not assignable by the original consumer. Any attempt to assign or
transfer any of the rights, duties or obligations hereof is void.

Any product returned for warranty service and our inspection and testing shall
determine no defect exists which is covered by this warranty, shall be charged a
minimum of one-half hour labor plus return shipping charges.

This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights which
vary from State to State.

plication of this manual without permission
September 3, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Specifications

Receiver
freq coverage 428-436 MHz
freq control crystal
temp-range —10/60 °C
freq stability +10 ppm
design triple conv
front end:
design 2 by 2
transistor MRF571
first mixer GaAsFET MRF966
spurious rej -—60 dB
first IF 45 MHz
filter, FL1 discrete
2nd IF 10.7 MHz
filter, FL2 SFE10.7J
3rd IF 455 KHz
filter, FL3A discrete 60-KHz
filter, FL3B CFW455C
sensitivity:
+12 dB SINAD 0.5 pV (-113 dBm)
10-3 BER (note 1) <1 pv (-107 dBm)
main chip MC3362
antenna switch PINS
DC supply +12 VDC
current <200 ma
Transmitter
modulation varactor
nom deviation

wide band data +9.6 KHz

TXD drive TTL
nom deviation

narrow band data +3 KHz

TXA drive 50 mv p-p
max deviation

voice operation +4.5 KHz
spurious emission —60 dB
Mic impedance 600 ohms
DC supply +12 VDC
current <2.5 amps
watts output >10

NOTE 1: in conjunction with Data Engine and DE19K2 modem.

an nS NE SS ETS 5 CT SS A A SS NS i a a OS I
© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved. D4-10

Duplication of this manual without permission
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. June 13, 1991

- Reium/Repait I Procedures ye ;

wat vos? (ualt i Tonle fag, vor Hbidat conteet Wie Kaa is
yperiaabet (2 16ibetaner: the S busi af GAS: 12N or SPS ;
Content Tae ta hielo ® return watheridatiog porter (RA ongber). The unit hay
thyhe het pwluened te tee Pictory ot 1908 FE. ied MOOR? PePrence, KS
Piao tockids.@ tnties indicoking the problem you ° snsepuianaciog sia. Ve
im sagthes of pagriaint Re weesire Manitooie © TpRgstdaete: Card or
oa? vleet t eee yorur «ait rewurned to pou COD, cage O24

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Limited Warrseabe
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Kastronics Compe, Uae wera ce to Ae NED pce ceo, te
wear (eget ite Oéts f pcre Ue ‘ie prt “ie w Donen be ivote
Mae Woser neh, 60 cgraee Bai i ef/k, we tla mae S or reptere the

pride ae’ i creed: OS ae charg: Ae pete or leer,

(lda ad rert deen UHM espa %© teed “sels? @ the product, oF togupey ‘
pirihwet ctine Mae Spats skboet Sa mls, orun ¢ oa hones eee

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C49
C50

D4-10 Parts List

Layout Schem Part
Locat Locat Description

H4
H2
G3
H5
H5
H1
H1
H1
H2
H2
H5
H5

A3
A5

470pF

.001luF

3.3pF

47pF

470pF

220pF

470pF

.luF

470pF

220pF

.O33uF

luF Al

220uF Al 16V
470pF

SPRG GYA15000
.047uF

27pF Mini Chip
220pF

220uF Al 16V
10uF Al 35V
luF Al

Duplication of this manual without permission
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited. j

Part
Desig

C51
C52
C53
C54
C55
C56
C57
C58
C59
C60
C61
C62
C63
C64
C65
C66
C67
C68
C69
C70
C71
C73
C74
C75
C76
C77
C78
C79
C80
C81
C82
C83
C84
C85
C86
C87
C88
C89
C90
C91
C92
C93
C94
C95
C96
C97
C98
C99
C100
C101

Layout Schem Part
Locat Locat Description

F3
G4

220pF

.OluF

.047uF

27pF Mini Chip
27pF Mini Chip
.OluF

SPRG GYA15000
S6pF

220uF Al 16V
470pF

18pF

75pF

.OluF

S6pF

-luF

120pF

.0022uF

.OluF

.001luF

.OluF

22pF

120pF

1.8pF

.OluF

220pF

.018uF

-luF

100pF

luF Al

75pF

56pF

180pF

30pF Mini Chip
27pF

.OluF

100pF

47pF

.luF

-luF

.luF

.001luF

.luF

SPRG GYA15000
75pF

.OluF

PARTS LIST 1

D4-10
June 13, 1991

Part Layout Schem Part Part Layout Schem Part

Desig Locat Locat Description Desig Locat Locat Description

C102 D4 A5 .0022uF C155 B2 B2 luF Tant

C103 D5 B4 -luF C156 B4 C2 220pF

C104 D2 D5 33pF C157 B4 C1 .OO1luF

C105 D4 B5 470pF C158 B4 C3 -OluF

C106 D3 D3 22uF Al C159 B5 B2 OluF

C107 D4 B4 330pF C160 Bl Al A7uF Al

C108 D4 A4 27pF C161 B5 B2 100pF

C109 D2 D4 SPRG GYA15000 C162 B5 B2 220pF

C110 D4 D2 -luF C163 A3 A2 220uF Al 25V
C111 D4 C3 luF C164 C4 D2 4.7uF Al

C112 D4 A4 560pF C165 D5 B4 6.2pF Cer Mini
C113 D5 B4 .0012uF CF1 E4- B83 SFE10.7M3-A
C114 D3 D3 220pF D1 H3 B5 1N914

C115 D3 D3 3.6pF D2 H3 B5 1N914

C116 Cl D4 220pF D3 H3 B5 1N914

C117 Cl D4 .luF D4 H1l C6 UM9401

C118 C3 D3 100pF D5 H2 C6 UM9401

C119 C3 D3 3.6pF D6 F5 A6 1N914

C120 C3 D3 220pF D7 F5 A6 1N914

C121 C3 D3 220pF D8 Fl D6 1N4003

C122 C5 C3 -luF D9 E5 B4 1N914

C123 C2 D4 470pF D10 E5 B3 1N914

C124 C3 D2 .OluF Dil C3 D3 MMBV105G
C125 C2 D3 220pF D12 C2 D4 MPN3404

C126 C2 D4 220pF D13 C2 D4 MPN3404

C127 C3 D3 220pF D14 Cl D4 1N756

C128 C4 C2 .OluF D15 Bl D3 1N914

C129 C4 C2 .001uF D16 B5 C3 MV2114

C130 Cl D4 220pF D17 B3 B2 1N914

C131 C3 D3 22uF Al D18 B3 B2 1N914

C132 C4 C3 .015uF D19 B5 B3 MV2114

C133 C3 D2 100pF Mini Chip D20 A2 A2 1N4003

C134 C3 D3 220pF D21 Al A2 Green LED
C135 C3 D2 220pF D22 A2 B2 Red LED

C136 C4 D2 .0OluF Fl A2 A2 MOUS44FH053
C137 B2 D3 .0OOluF FL1 G2 C6 TK 5HW40545A430
C138 C3 D3 3.3pF FL2 F3 C5 TK 5HW40545A430
C139 B4 C2 .001luF Jl 14 MLX39-29-1028
C140 B4 D2 .OluF J1-1 A3 MLX39-29-1028
C141 B5 D2 .OluF J1-2 A3 MLX39-29-1028
C142 B2 D4 7.5pF J2 14 A4 3.5mm

C143 B2 D3 7.5pF J3 H1 C6 AMP227661-1
C144 B2 D3 7.5pF J4 H38 A4 DB9F PC mount
C145 B4 C2 .OluF J5 H5 A4 DB9F PC mount
C146 B4 C2 100pF | J6 F4 C4 3P SIH

C147 B5 C2 .001luF J7 D5 Bd 6P SIH

C148 B5 B2 .OluF J8 A5 C4 6P SIH

C149 Bl D3 .001uF JP1 D4 B4 2P SIH

C150 B2 D3 7.5pF Je2 C4 C2. 2PSIH

C151 B3 C3 220pF Ll H4 A3 FER 21-200J
C152 B3 D3 220pF L2 H2 C6 .gduH

C154 B5 C2 .OluF L3 H1 D6 CCFT 164-06A06S

2 PARTS LIST

D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
i ; Duplication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Layout Schem Part
Locat Locat Description

.33uH

FER 21-200J
CCFT 164-02A06S
.15uH

.33uH

2.2uH

CCFT 165-03A06
.15uH
CCFT150-04J08S
FER 21-200J
CCFT 164-06A06S
.68uH

.68uH
CCFT150-05J08S
.27uH
CFTSLOT-TEN-
5-18

FRT 2643000101
CFTSLOT-TEN-
5-16

CCFT 164-06A06S
CFTSLOT-TEN-
5-16
CFTSLOT-TEN-
5-16

1.2uH

.3duH

.22uH

FRT 2643000101
CCFT 164-02A06S
1.2uH

820uH

CCFT 164-01A06S
3.3uH

6.8uH

MRF571

2N7000

MRF966
BLU20/12
MRF630

PN2222

MRF559
MPS5179
MRF571
MPS5179
PN2222

PN2222
PN2907A
PN2907A
PN2222

PN2222
PN2907A

© Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Duplication of this manual without permission
of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Layout Schem Part
Locat Locat Description

PN2222
10K 1/8W
470

620 1/8W
100K 1/8W
1K 1/8W
10K 1/8W
100 1/8W
8.2K 1/8W
680 1/8W
2.2K 1/8W
ME321-2100-250K
47K 1/8W
1K 1/8W
2.7 W/8W
1.8K 1/8W
ME321-2100-1K
4.7K 1/8W
3.9K 1/8W
22K 1/8W
33K 1/8W
2.2K 1/8W
220

5.1K 1/8W
470 1/8W
1K 1/8W
100 1/8W
39 1/8W
100K 1/8W
390 1/8W
220 1/8W
10 1/8W
220K 1/8W
7.5K 1/8W
1K 1/8W
22K 1/8W
10 1/2W
120 1/8W
220K 1/8W
7.5K 1/8W
18K 1/8W
10K 1/8W
10K 1/8W
390K 1/8W
120 2W MT
10K 1/8W
8.2K 1/8W
18K 1/8W
82K 1/8W
10

75K 1/8W
10K 1/8W

PARTS LIST 3

D4-10
June 13, 1991

Part Layout Schem Part
Desig Locat Locat Description

R54 F5 A6 82K 1/8W
R55 F5 <A6 18K 1/8W
R56 E4 C3 1KI/8W
R57 +E4 C3. 10K1/8W
R58 .E4 A6 430K 1/8W
R59 ES B3 4.7K 1/8W
R60 ES A6_ 18K1/8W
R61 E5 B3 100K 1/8W
R62 E5 A6 82K1/8W
R63 GES GODS 90

R64 E5 3B4 43K1/8W
R65 E5 B4- 270K1/8W
R66 E5 3B4 33K1/8W
R67 E4 BS 4.7K1/8W
R68 E5 B4 10MU/8W
R69 =§ES5 3B4 10K1/8W
R70 D5 B4 22K1/8W
R71 D5 B4 22K1/8W
R72 D5 B4 43K1/3W
R73) D2 e.D5\ 440 1/sw
R74 D5 B4 = 4.7K1/8W
R75 D3 D3 5601/8W
R76 D5 Cl 220K 1/8W
R77, WDIDS AAT

R78 D2 D4 101/8W
R79 D2 D4 = 1001/8W
R80 D3 D3 ~~ 6201/8W
R81 C3 D3 ~~ 2201/8W
R82 D4 D2 220K 1/8W
R83 D4 C3 220K 1/8W
R84 C5 Cl 100K1/8W
R85. ~ \C1P D4. 98.220

R86 C3 D2 100K 1/8W
R87. C4 D2 = 100K1/8W
R88 C4 D2 22K1/8W
R89 C4 C3 100K 1/8W
R9I0 C5 C3 220K 1/8W
R91 Cl D4_ 220

R922 « C4.—Ss«éD2-Ss2h2OK 1/8W
R93. «C2 D3 ~~ 1001/8W
R94 «6C4.—S is CQ—séd:CQK 1/8W
R95 B4 Cl 4701/8W
R96 B4 C3 47K1/8W
R97 = B4—Ss«C3~—sC«*LK 1/8 W
R98 Bl D4 = 101/8W
R9I9«S«é&BlsSsOédD4-~—sC«d68 1/8W
R100 B2 D3 ~~ 390

R101 B4 C3 I1KU8W
R102 B4 C2 10K1/8W
R103. B4 C2 100K 1/8W
R104 BS C2 1K1/8W
R105 BS B2 10K1/8W

4 PARTS LIST

D4-10
June 13, 1991

Layout Schem Part
Locat Locat Description

B2 D4 2.7K
B4 C2 1K 1/8W
B5 CZ 4.7K 1/8W
B5 C2 10K 1/8W
B5 era 15K 1/8W
Bl A2 22K 1/8W
B2 B2 8.2K 1/8W
B2 A2 471W
B2 A2 2.2K 1/8W
B3 C3 470 1/8W
B5 B2 4.7K 1/8W
B5 B2 15K 1/8W
Bl Bl 1K
B2 A2 1.5K 1/83W
B2 B2 560 1/8W
B5 B2 1K 1/8W
A2 A2 10K 1/8W
A3 C3 100K 1/8W
A4 C3 100K 1/8W
A2 B2 1K
A5 C3 100K 1/8W
A2 A2 1K
A2 B4 ME321-2100-100K
A4 B6 ME321-2100-10K
A5 B3 47K 1/8W
F2 C5 220 1/83W
B3 C3 CFTSLOT-TEN-
4-07
B4 C3 CFTSLOT-TEN-
4-07
A4 C3 HC-50 Socket
A4 C3 HC-50 Socket
C5 Cl ME321-2100-10K
G5 Cl ME321-2100-10K
Al PHA012U10EEM
A2 PHA012U10EEM
A2 PHA012U10EEM
A4 PHA014U10EEM
B3 PHA014U10EEM
Gs PHA014U10EEM
C2 PHA014U10EEM
B2 PHA014U10EEM
A5 PHA012U10EEM
B4 PHA012U10EEM
A2 PHA012U10EEM
A5 PHA012U10EEM
C3 PHA012U10EEM
B3 B3 CFTSLOT-TEN-
4-07
B4 B3 CFTSLOT-TEN-
4-07
B4 B3 HC-50 Socket

of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

Part Layout Schem Part Part Layout Schem Part

Desig Locat Locat Description Desig Locat Locat Description
TX2 B4 B3 HC-50 Socket U6 E4 C4 MC3362P
TXA1l C5 Cl ME321-2100-10K Oy D4 B4 CD4053E
TXA2 D5 Cl ME321-2100-10K U8 C4 LM358N

U1 G3 LM393N U8A D2 LM358N

UIC A3 LM393N U8C D2 LM358N

U1B B5 LM393N U8B C3 LM358N

U1A B6 LM393N U9 C4 D2 NEC UPB562C
U2 G4 B5 CA3080E U10 B3 D3 MINI CIR MAR1
U3 G4 LM358N U11 C5 C2 CD74HCT4046E
U3C A3 LM358N U12 B5 Cl CD4052E

U3A A4 LM358N V1 H4 A8 60PAD

U3B B6 LM358N V2 Gl D6 60PAD

U4 G4 B5 LM380N V3 A2 A2 60PAD

U5 F5 LM324 V4 Al A3 60PAD

U5A A6 LM324 VR1 Bl Al LM78L05

U5B A6 LM324 X1 F4 C3 34.3MHz

U5C A6 LM324 X2 E4 C4 11.155MHz
U5E A3 LM324 XF1 D4 B5 CFW455B
U5D A6 LM324

This page left blank intentionally

D4-10
June 13, 1991

Parts Layout

C64
— ith —
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C72 — R59 —

c90 cg! C92

NS Ct

| aa Bt —
C121

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Block Diagram Description of the D4-10

After considering a number of alternatives, regulatory requirements and available ICs
and power transistors, an overall design, shown in block diagram form in Figure 1,
evolved. The receiver, like the DVR 2-2, is built around the Motorola 3362, with a

45 MHz first IF added, resulting in a triple-conversion receiver. The 455 KHz IF has
two filters built in, switch selectable by the operator. The "W" or wide position selects
the 3-pole, discrete 60 KHz filter. "N" selects the normal narrow band filter, a Murata
CFW455B. The 60 KHz filter enables the D4-10 to easily handle 19,200 baud data, and
it leaves room for experimentation with other wide band modes and speeds.

The transmitter, like the DVR 2-2, modulates the RF carrier indirectly by utilizing a
varicap to pull the transmitter crystal oscillator. Three separate inputs can provide
modulation, Mic, transmit audio at the analog port (TXA) and TTL signals at the
digital port (TXD). The analog port is pin-for-pin and functionally compatible with the

FIGURE 1. D4-10 Transceiver Block Diagram

if
| Transmitter
| TXD Digital

| dies Drive
(digital) £10 KHz

TXA Analog
rive
(analog) | +3 KHz

me by 64

an
Loop Filter
Receive
Xtal

Data RXD (TTL)
Slicer (Digital)
| Butter (ana
(Analog)

CF2

3362

GaAsFET 45 MHz hs
Mier ame EO |
CFW 455B | | Discrete |

Wide
Filter

DVR 2-2 DB-9 data port. A TXA signal of 50 millivolts peak-to-peak (mv p-p) will
generate an RF carrier with 3 KHz deviation. A TTL signal applied to the digital port
will result in an RF carrier with 9.6 KHz deviation. Each port has its own
push-to-transmit (PTT) control line.

Additional functions noted in the block diagram are the divide by 64 counter and loop
filter, the transmit and receive crystal oscillators, TR control, data slicer and data
buffer. We'll cover these details later. But first, let's look at desirable specifications.

-D4-10 Transceiver Specifications

After designing, building, testing and then producing a 9600 baud capable 2-meter
transceiver in mid-1990, the DVR 2-2!, requests by other amateurs were quick to
follow for a similar unit for 70-centimeters. Most suggested retaining the features of
the DVR 2-2 but also increasing power and data rate capability. Most also felt that
the 70-cm band was more appropriate for building a packet network, considering the
crowding on 2-meters and the wide bandwidth channels allowed on 70-cm.

With those inputs in mind, a set of broad specifications emerged for a simple
straightforward 70-cm transceiver for 1200, 9600 and 19,200 baud operation:
two bandwidth modes of operation, narrow and wide

¢ two receiver modes of operation, terrestrial and satellite (AFC)

two data ports

— one DVR 2-2 plug compatible

— one for 19,200 baud operation, TTL compatible

¢ fast TR switching

a receiver derived carrier detect for optional use by TNC

simple and straightforward, easy to
work on

e¢ and fun!

Since the unit may operate as a narrow-band data/voice radio or as a wide band,

high speed data radio, two and perhaps three sets of specifications are really in order.
The specs for VHF and UHF FM rigs imported today imply voice operation only. Some
specs that are useful for modem users are simply left off. Of course, these rigs are used
every day for packet and RTTY operation.

Typically, sensitivity is listed in so many microvolts for +12 dB SINAD. Audio output is
listed in watts of power with a given distortion figure. No DC offset is listed, implying
(and generally meaning) that unprocessed audio for high speed data purposes is not
available at a rear connector; audio is AC coupled and available at the speaker for
general use. This means the audio has been processed.

While Mic impedance is generally listed, Mic drive for a resulting amount of deviation
is not. Most voice radio manufacturers include a matching Mic and therefore don't list
Mic drive/deviation levels.

On bandwidth, the last IF filter of an FM rig generally sets selectivity characteristics.
While bandwidth specs are not always listed, they are usually apparent by examining
the schematic and noting the model number of the ceramic filter used. In surveying ten
common rigs, we found eight using the Murata CFW series at 455 KHz.

FIGURE 2. D4-10 Specs

Receiver:
item:

freq coverage
freq control
temp-range
freq stability
design

front end:
design
transistor
first mixer

spurious rej
first IF
filter, FL1
2nd IF
filter, FL2
ord IF
filter, FL3A

filter, FL3B
sensitivity:

+12 dB SINAD

104-3 BER
(note 1)
main chip

antenna switch

DC supply
current

Transmitter:

modulation

nom deviation
wide band data

TXD drive

nom deviation
narrow band data

TXA drive

max deviation
voice operation

spurious emission

Mic impedance

DC supply
current
watts output

D4-10
428-436 MHz
crystal
—10/60 °C
+10 ppm
triple conv

2 by 2
MRF571
GaAsFET
MRF966
—60 dB
45 MHz
discrete
10.7 MHz
SFE10.7J
455 KHz
discrete
60-KHz
CFW455C

0.5 pV
-—113 dBm
<1 pv
-—107 dBm
MC3362
PINS

+12 VDC
<200 ma

varactor

+9.6 KHz
TTL

+3 KHz
50 mv p-p

+4.5 KHz
—60 dB
600 ohms
+12 VDC
<2.5 amps
>10

Note 1: in conjunction with Data Engine

and DE19K2 Modem.

Frequency stability is listed in KHz

or in parts-per-million. For example,
stability might be listed as +10 ppm or
as +1.5 KHz. This is an important
spec for high speed links attempting
to use all of the bandwidth available.
We'll cover this issue later.

With these comments in mind, our
attempt to list a meaningful set of
specs for the D4-10 for data use is
shown in Figure 2. Items of particular
importance for high speed data are
frequency stability, the discrete 60
KHz filter (labeled FL3A), the BER
sensitivity listing, and the data input
levels required for a given deviation.
Let's examine these in turn in light of
the previous discussion.

Frequency Stability

First of all, frequency stability is
more critical for data than for voice
operation, particularly for high speed
data. This is readily apparent by
considering an ideal FM detector
characteristic such as that shown in
Figure 3. Let's trace the progress of
the Frequency Shift Key (FSK) signal
as it passes through the detector. In
the ideal case the receiver is tuned
exactly to the incoming signal; that is,
at point 1 of the FSK signal, shown
below the characteristic, we are
centered on the detector character-
istic. In other words, we are centered
on the operational channel frequency.

As the signal shifts to a frequency fl
our detector output shifts to a voltage
value of —A. Then as the input signal
shifts to a frequency of f2 the output
shifts to a voltage of +A. All is well.

However, if the receiver is not "on
channel", but is, for example, 3 KHz
low, then a distorted detector output
occurs. As the signal shifts to an input
frequency of f1, it could exceed the
left side of the detector characteristic,
i.e. it "falls off' the detector curve.
This can happen as the receiver

or transmitter in the link drifts off
frequency (or is not tuned right to
begin with!). If we are attempting

FIGURE 3. A Typical FM Detector Characteristic

Output
Voltage

3
6
2
o
=]
<

Input Frequency “Pulses”

to use all the bandwidth available, our frequency swing will be near the detector edge
anyway!

For example, let's assume that we choose a deviation of +8 KHz for a 9600 baud system
and wish to change our packet link to 430.15 MHz from the usual 145.01. Further, let's
assume that our transceiver has a stability of +10 ppm. If so, what is the result? We
could be up frequency by 4300 cycles (10 ppm times 430) and the transmitter could be
down 4300 cycles. Add the 3 KHz of deviation in one direction, and you can see that
part of our signal would be 11.6 KHz off frequency! That's outside a normal channel,
one using a standard IF bandwidth.

For those reasons, for either 9600 or 19,200 baud operation, and because 100 KHz
channels are allowed on 70-cm, we picked a deviation of 9.6 KHz for the TTL port of
the D4-10. The receiver can tolerate being somewhat more than 4300 cycles off
frequency and still detect a signal swinging 9600 cycles each side of the operating
frequency.

The Discrete 60 KHz Filter

First of all, our goal was 19,200 baud packet on the 70-cm channel. So, the bandwidth
must be there to support the data rate. Second, the RF spectrum generated by a 19,200
BPS NRZI data stream is that of at most a 9600 cycle square wave. This wave would
generate Bessel components at multiples of 9600 cycles either side of the carrier. The
FCC regulations indicate that the energy outside the channel allowed must be down at
least 26 dB. Hence, the modulator in the D4-10 must limit the transmitted spectrum
by shaping the data stream (limiting higher-order Bessel components) and by keeping
the maximum deviation reasonably narrow.

Within the D4-10 that is controlled by setting deviation for a TTL data input to 9600
cycles; that is, we deviate —9600 for a TTL zero and +9600 for a TTL one. Further, the
pulses driving the varicap are scaled and shaped to eliminate harmonics above the 3rd.
The resulting spectrum is better than —50 dBc at the 50 KHz band edges.

This Leaves BER Sensitivity

Bit Error Rate (BER) testing methods have been described by Goode”. In a similar
manor, we have evaluated the D4-10 in concert with the Data Engine and a modified
DE9600 modem, adapted for 19,200 use. The resulting sensitivity needed at 19,200
baud to achieve a BER of 0.1 percent was about 1 microvolt or -107 dBm.

With an expanded IF, it was expected that additional signal power would be required

to achieve a BER of 1 in one-thousand, and indeed this was true. Second, the BER of

a system is an overall measure, not just that of the modem itself. The +12 dB SINAD
sensitivity of the receiver really sets the stage for the dBm level required to achieve a
given BER. Simply, if the receiver is "hot", then the dBm level for a given BER could
also be pretty low. We chose to put the +12 dB SINAD sensitivity level at about 0.5 nV
or —113 dBm; hence, with added bandwidth the expected and resulting 0.1 percent BER
level was —107 dBm.

Let's now take a look at the unique TTL port of the D4-10.

Some Details, the TTL Modulator and Demodulator Plus the
Terrestrial/Satellite Option

First, the analog port of the D4-10 mimics the data port of the DVR 2-2 and is
pin-for-pin compatible, so those details will not be covered here. However, the TTL
data port and associated modulation and demodulation circuitry are new.

Figure 4 shows the inputs and outputs of the digital port and the associated
circuitry for modulation and demodulation. The output of the MC3362 FM detector
is buffered first by U3B, an op amp, and the signal is then fed to the data slicer for

FIGURE 4. The TTL D4-10 Data Port — TTL Modulator and Demodulator

Data Slicer Threshold

TXD
Data Port

TTL restoration and also to the resistor divider for the analog port. The deviation

is wide enough at 19,200 to allow for some frequency error, since the FSK signal
emerging from the op amp buffer is fully 0.4 volts p-p, making a good slicer decision
straight-forward. Part of the tuning procedure is to set the data slicer threshold at the
midpoint of an "on frequency" data signal. One can use noise to set this threshold also,
adjusting the threshold to the center of the detector noise.

The TTL transmit signals are converted by the CA3080 into current pulses which in
turn modulate the varicap, pulling the crystal oscillator plus or minus 9600 cycles. The
filter at U5A shapes the data prior to transmission.

For satellite work, a control input is available on the back panel of the D4-10 to
pull the receiver crystal oscillator. By applying a DC control voltage, you'll be able
to pull the receive frequency by controlling the varicap.

References

(1) "DVR 2-2 Manual,” Kantronics Inc, 1202 E 23rd St., Lawrence, KS, 66046.

(2) "A Bit Error Rate Tester for Testing Digital Links,” by Steve Goode, KING, Sixth
ARRL Amateur Radio Computer Networking Conference, Redondo Beach, CA, 1987,
pp 62,67.

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D4-10 © Copyright 1991, Kantronics Co., Inc. All Rights Reserved.

plication of this manual without permission
June 13, 1991 of Kantronics Co., Inc. is prohibited.

D4-10 Production Test Check List Serial No:_/ | | 9

DC Checks Pass
1 Connect D4-10 to 13.8 volts DC through a 39 Ohm Resistor. Measure DC voltages

at| Collector of Q5| Collector of Q4 | Pin 6 of U6 (MC3362) | Pin 7 of U2 (CA3080)
8.76 VDC 4.61 VDC 8.76 VDC

{) 7 /

2. Remove 329 ohm resistor and insert the 420 MHz receive crystal in channel 2
receive socket, and the 450 MHz crystal in channel 2 transmit socket. Set the
oscilloscope to display +5.0 volts and connect the scope probe to the rear leg cf R95.
Set the front panel switch to channel 2 and adjust RXA2 until the scope displays a
clean 5 volt signal. This indicates a lock of the VCO.

Locking the VCO (Channel 2)

3. Key the transmitter by grounding the PTTA (pin 3 of the analog port) and adjust
TXA2 until the scope displays a clear 5 volt signal. This indicates a lock of the VCO.

4. Release the PTT line and connect the scope probe to the rear pin of jumper JP2.
Adjust RXA2 for a reading of 2.5 volts DC.

5. Key the PTTA line again and adjust TXA2 for a reading of 2.5 volts DC.

6. Remove the 420 MHz and 450 MHz crystals. If the second channel is to be
installed, insert the appropriate crystals for channel 2 and repeat steps 2 through 5
above.

Locking the VCO (Channel 1)

7. Install the appropriate crystals in channel 1. Place the front panel switch in the
channel 1 position and repeat steps 2 through 5 above, using RXA1 and TXAI1.

Rough adjust Quadrature Detector coil

8. Connect the oscilloscope probe to the detector output (pin 13 of U6) and adjust
the quadrature coil (L19) for a balanced noise pattern. The scope should be set for 3
0.5 v/em, AC coupled. Y

Setting up for SINAD adjustment

9. Connect a service monitor to the Antenna jack of the D4-10. Connect the SINAD
input of the service monitor to the speaker output jack. Set the squelch control of the
D4-10 to the fully counter-clockwise position and the volume control approximately
mid-range. Set the service monitor to generate an on-frequency signa!. Modulate the
signal with a 1 kHz tone, set for 3 kHz deviation.

10. Set the D4-10 bandwidth switch to the narrow position (depressed) and increase
the service monitor RF output until you detect a signal. (10-20 microvolts should be
sufficient)

Tuning for best SINAD reading

11. Tune RL1I, L12, L17, FL1, and F'L2 to obtain the best possible SINAD reading.

Adjust the RF output level from the service monitor as required to obtain a 12dB

SINAD reading and write the RF output level in microvolts in the space to the right. Hye), /
(Must be less than 1 microvolt) een

Final adjust Quadrature coi! using DISTORTION

12. Increase the RF output from the service monitor to approximately 20 microvolts
and set the service monitor to measure distortion. Adjust the quadrature coil (L19) ,Q
for minimum distortion and write the value (%) in the space to the right. L./6t

Adjusting the WIDEBAND IF Pass

13. Increase the service monitor output to approximately 50 microvolts and increase
the 1kHz modulation tone to provide approximately 60 kHz deviation. Connect the
spectrum analyzer to the IF output (JP1) and set the spectrum analyzer for a center
frequency of 455 kHz. Place the front panel bandwidth switch in the wideband
position. Adjust L21, L23, and L24 to obtain a proper wideband display. Switch the
bandwidth switch alternately between narrow and wide and be sure the wideband
pattern is centered on the narrow band pattern.

Adjusting the Data Slicer

14. Reduce the output from the service monitor to approximately 1 microvolt and

readjust the deviaticn to 3 kHz. Connect the oscilloscope probe to the RXD output

(pin 5 of the TTL post). Set the scope for 2 volts/em, AC coupled. Be sure the

bandwidth switch on the D4-10 is in the wideband position and adjust the Data S
Slicer pot (R17) for a balanced output. r

Channel 2 receive frequency adjustment

15. If crystals are installed in channel 2, set the D4-10 for channel 2. Adjust

the service monitor for the proper frequency and connect the SINAD input to the
speaker jack of the D4-10. Adjust RL2 to obtain the best SINAD reading. If the
channel 2 frequency is significantly different from channel 1, it may be necessary to
retune F'L1 and FL2 to obtain approximately equal 12dB SINAD readings on both
channels. Adjust the service monitor output to obtain a 12dB SINAD reading and
write the RF output level in the space to the right.

Channel 1 transmit frequency adjustmeni

16. Set the service monitor to receive, narrow bandwidth, and connect the antenna

jack of the D4-10 to the service monitor RF input. Set the channel switch to channel

i on the D4-10 and key the transmitter using the PTTA pin on the analog port.

Adjust TL1 to obtain as close to the desired operating frequency as possible (3 kHz

scale of the service monitor frequency error meter). Write the frequency error in the

space to the right. TOD Mp

Channel 2 transmit frequency adjustment
17. Repeat step 16 above for channel 2 if crystals are installed in this channel.

Transmitter tuning

18. Connect the RF output from the D4-10 to the Bird wattmeter, attenuator and
spectrum analyzer. Set the D4-10 for channel 1 and key the transmitter with PTTA
and tune C109, C98, C62, and C27 for maximum RF output. Observe the spectrum
on the spectrum analyzer to insure the harmonics are down at least 40dB from the
peak. Write the output power in the space to the right.

19. Repeat step 18 for the channel 2. Write the channel 2 output power in the space
to the right.
TTL Deviation adjustment

20. Connect the D4-10 to the service monitor and set the frequency error meter for
the 10 kHz scale. Set the D4-10 for channel 1 and key the PTTD of the radio (pin 3
of the TTL port). Adjust the TTL deviation control (R11) to obtain approximately
10 kHz frequency error. This sets the proper deviation for the TTL port.

Final tuning
21. Slide the radio into the test case and check the transmit frequency on both ee |
channels. Adjust TL1 or TL2 as needed.

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